Speech
Press
Religion
Petition
Assembly
2. What is the Tinker Standard?
"When 15-year-old John Tinker, his sister Mary Beth, 13, and Christopher Eckhardt, 16, wore black armbands to their Iowa public schools in December 1965 to protest the Vietnam conflict, they never imagined that their actions would lead to a landmark First Amendment decision. Nonetheless, their protests eventually culminated in the leading First Amendment free speech case for public school students."
3. What is the Frasier Standard?
The US Supreme Court reversed the Court of Appeals in a 7-2 vote to reinstate the suspension, saying that the school district's policy did not violate the First Amendment. Chief Justice Warren Burger delivered the Court's opinion, in what ended up along with the Gramm-Rudman decision to be the final case of the Burger Court era. Fraser referred to this as "the silver lining in the grim butt of my defeat." Justices William J. Brennan and Harry Blackmun delivered concurring opinions, while Thurgood Marshall and John Paul Stevens dissented
4. What is the Hazelwood Standard?
The case eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court first discussed the First Amendment concept of a public forum -- places such as a public park or street where the government has less leeway to regulate speech than in others -- and asked whether the school officials had by policy or practice opened up a "public forum" or "forum for
student expression" by allowing students to make content decisions.
5. What is the Frederick Standard?
6. What is the definition of libel?Under common law, to constitute defamation, a claim must generally be false and have been made to someone other than the person defamed. Some common lawslander, and defamation in other media such as printed words or images, called libel
